Click to see our best Video content. Take A Sneak Peak At The Movies Coming Out This Week (8/12) Netflix Drops Trailer for ‘tick, tick BOOM!’ and Fans Go Off The terms "Hispanic" and "Latino" refer to an blogger.com US Census Bureau defines being Latino as being a member of an ethnicity, rather than being a member of a particular race and thus, people who are members of this group may be members of any race. In a national survey of self-identified Latinos, 56% said that being Latino is part of both their racial and substancial - Free ebook download as Text File .txt), PDF File .pdf) or read book online for free. contains some random words for machine learning natural language processing
Hispanic and Latino Americans - Wikipedia
Hispanic and Latino Americans Spanish : Estadounidenses latinoamericanosPortuguese : Estadunidenses latino-americanos [4] are Americans of SpanishPortugueseor Latin American ancestry. People who identify as Latino may be of any race.
Most Latino Americans are of MexicanPuerto RicanCubanSalvadoranDominicanGuatemalan or Colombian origin. The predominant origin of regional Latino populations varies widely in different locations across the country, genealogy masters thesis northridge.
Its holdings included present-day California, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona and Texas, all of which were part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Later, this vast territory became part of Mexico after its independence from Spain in and until the end of the Mexican—American War in The terms " Hispanic " and " Latino " refer to an ethnicity.
The Genealogy masters thesis northridge Census Bureau defines being Latino as being a member of an ethnicity, rather than being a member of a particular race and thus, people who are members of this group may be members of any race. According to the Smithsonian Institutionthe term "Latino" includes peoples with Portuguese roots, such as Braziliansas well as those of Spanish-language origin. Others may have European including JewishMiddle Eastern, or Asian ancestry as well as of Amerindian ancestry.
Many Latinos from the Caribbean, as well as other regions of Latin America where African slavery was widespread, may be of sub-Saharan African descent as well. The difference between the terms Hispanic and Latino is confusing to some. After the Mexican—American War concluded interm Hispanic or Spanish American was primarily used to describe the Hispanos of New Mexico within the American Southwest.
The United States Census controversially broadened the definition to "a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race". This is now the common formal and colloquial definition of the term within the United States, outside of New Mexico. Census Bureau and OMBas the two agencies use both terms Hispanic and Latino interchangeably. The Pew Research Center believes the term "Hispanic" is strictly limited to Puerto Rico and all countries where Spanish is the official language only and includes Spain whereas "Latino" includes all countries in Latin America i.
Brazil regardless of the official language, but does not include Spain. Latino is a condensed form of the term "latinoamericano"the Spanish word for Latin American, or someone who comes from Latin America.
The term Latino has developed a number of definitions. This definition, as "male Latin-American inhabitant of the United States", [39] is the oldest and the original definition used in the United States, first used in A Brazilian American is also a Latino by this definition, which includes those of Portuguese-speaking origin from Latin America.
Preference genealogy masters thesis northridge use between the terms among Hispanics and Latinos in the United States genealogy masters thesis northridge depends on where users of the respective terms reside. Those in the Eastern United States tend to prefer the term Hispanic, whereas those in the West tend to prefer Latino. The US ethnic designation Genealogy masters thesis northridge is abstracted from the longer form latinoamericano, genealogy masters thesis northridge.
The term Latinx and similar neologism Xicanx gained currency among some in the s. Spanish explorers were pioneers in the territory of the present-day United States.
The first confirmed European landing in the continental United States was by Juan Ponce de Leónwho landed in at a lush shore he christened La Florida. In the next three decades, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachian Mountainsthe Mississippi Rivergenealogy masters thesis northridge, the Grand Canyon and the Great Plains.
Spanish ships sailed along the East Coastpenetrating to present-day Bangor, Maineand up the Pacific Coast as far as Oregon, genealogy masters thesis northridge. From toÁlvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and three fellows including an African named Estevanicofrom a Spanish expedition that foundered, journeyed from Florida to the Gulf of California.
InHernando de Soto undertook an extensive exploration of the present United States. That same year Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led 2, Spaniards and Mexican Indians across today's Arizona —Mexico border and traveled as far as central Kansasclose to the exact geographic center of what is genealogy masters thesis northridge the continental United States. Other Spanish explorers of the US territory include, among others: Alonso Alvarez de PinedaLucas Vázquez de AyllónPánfilo de NarváezSebastián VizcaínoGaspar de PortolàPedro Menéndez de AvilésÁlvar Núñez Cabeza de VacaTristán de Luna y Arellano and Juan de Oñateand non-Spanish explorers working for the Spanish Crown, such as Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo.
Ingenealogy masters thesis northridge, the Spanish created the first permanent European settlement in the continental United Genealogy masters thesis northridge, at St. Augustine, Florida. Spanish missionaries and colonists founded settlements in Santa Fe, New MexicoEl PasoSan AntonioTucsonAlbuquerquegenealogy masters thesis northridge, San DiegoLos Angeles and San Franciscoto name a few.
As late asat the end of the American Revolutionary War a conflict in which Spain aided and fought alongside the rebelsSpain held claim to roughly half the territory of today's continental United States. From tothe United States through treaties, purchase, diplomacy, and the Mexican—American War increased its area by roughly genealogy masters thesis northridge third at Spanish and Mexican expense, acquiring its three currently most populous states— CaliforniaTexas and Florida.
Many Latino natives lived in the areas that the United States acquired, and a new wave of Mexican, Central American, Caribbean, and South American immigrants had moved to the United States for new opportunities. This was the beginning of a demographic that would rise dramatically over the years. During the 20th and 21st centuries, Latino immigration to the United States increased markedly following changes to the immigration law in While a percentage of Americans had fled their jobs for the war, Latinos had taken their jobs in the Industrial world.
This can explain why there is such a high concentration of Latino Americans in Metro Areas such as the Chicago-Elgin-Naperville, Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, and Cleveland-Elyria areas. Latino contributions in the historical past and present of the United States are addressed in more detail below See Notables and their contributions. To recognize the current and historic contributions of Latino Americans, on September 17,President Lyndon B. Johnson designated a week in mid-September as National Hispanic Heritage Week, with Congress 's authorization.
InPresident Ronald Reagan extended the observance to a month, designated National Genealogy masters thesis northridge Heritage Month. US Metropolitan Statistical Areas with over 1 million Latinos [68]. States and territories with the highest proportion of Latinos [69]. Over half of the Latino population is concentrated in the Southwest region, mostly composed of Mexican Americans. California and Texas have some of the largest populations of Mexicans and Central American Latinos in the United States.
The Northeast region is dominated by Dominican Americans and Puerto Ricanshaving the highest concentrations of both in the country, genealogy masters thesis northridge. In the Mid Atlantic region, centered on the DC Metro AreaSalvadoran Americans are the largest of Latino groups. Florida is dominated by Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans, genealogy masters thesis northridge.
In both the Great Lakes States and the South Atlantic StatesMexicans and Puerto Ricans dominate. Mexicans dominate in the rest of the country, including the Western United StatesSouth Central United States and Great Plains states. Another 9. The remainder were of other Central American or of South American origin, or of origin directly from Spain. Two thirds of all Hispanic and Latino Americans were born in the United States. There are few immigrants directly from Spain, since Spaniards have historically emigrated to Latin America rather than to English-speaking countries.
Because of this, most Latinos who identify themselves as Spaniard or Spanish also identify with Latin American national origin. In the Census estimate approximately 1.
In northern New Mexico and southern Coloradothere is a large portion of Latinos who trace their ancestry to Spanish settlers of the late 16th century through genealogy masters thesis northridge 17th century. People from this background often self-identify as " Hispanos ", "Spanish" or "Hispanic". Many of these settlers also intermarried with local Amerindians, creating a Mestizo genealogy masters thesis northridge. Chicanos live in the SouthwestNuevomexicanos in New Mexico and Tejanos in Texas.
Nuevomexicanos and Tejanos are distinct cultures with their own cuisines, dialects and musical traditions. The term "Chicano" became popular amongst Mexican Americans in the s during the Chicano nationalism and Chicano Movementand is today seen as an ethnic and cultural identity by some. Political activist César Chávez and novelist José Antonio Villarreal are famous Chicanos. Nuyoricans are Americans of Puerto Rican descent from the New York City area.
There are close to two million Nuyoricans in the United States. Famous Nuyoricans include Congresswomen Alexandria Ocasio-CortezUS Supreme Court Judge Sonia Sotomayor and singer Jennifer Lopez. Latinos come from multi-racial and multi-ethnic countries with diversity of origins; therefore, a Latino can be from any race or mix of it. The often most common ancestries are: Indigenous from the Americas Native-Americans[ citation needed ] African, and European, genealogy masters thesis northridge.
Therefore, most Latinos have mixed ancestry of different combinations and ratios, [74] although non-mixed Latinos of each race also exist in varied amounts on each country. Latino origin is independent of race and is termed "ethnicity" by the United States Census Bureau, genealogy masters thesis northridge.
Depending on the regions within Latin America, a significant proportion of Latinos have high to moderate levels of colonial-era Sub-Saharan African input through the Tran-Atlantic slave trade.
But also as a result from Europeans of Mixed race by way of genealogy masters thesis northridge North African Moor Muslim occupation of Iberia intermixing their genes into the population.
Genealogy masters thesis northridge to the American Community Survey The largest numbers of those who consider themselves White Hispanic and Latino Americans come from within the MexicanPuerto RicanCubanSalvadoransSpanish and Argentines communities.
Over a quarter of Latino Americans identify as " some other race genealogy masters thesis northridge. Censusbut signifies someone who is conscious of their Native American and European ancestry. Of all Americans who checked the box "Some Other Race", 97 percent were Hispanic. Almost one-third of the multi-race respondents were Latinos.
The largest numbers of black Latinos are from the Spanish Caribbean islands, including the Cuban, DominicanPanamanian and Puerto Rican communities. The few hundred thousand Asian Latinos are of various backgrounds, among which include Filipino Mestizos with Spanish background, Asians of Latin American background examples including Chinese Cubans and Japanese Peruvians and those of recent mixed Asian and Hispanic background. Note that Genealogy masters thesis northridge are generally not counted as Hispanic, despite the fact that the Spanish colonized the Philippines and many Filipinos have Spanish names.
Latinos are often racially of Native American ancestry [ citation needed ]. For example, of Latinos deriving from northern Mexico, consider themselves white or acknowledge Native American ancestry with some European mixtures, while of those deriving from southern Mexican ancestry, the majority are Native American or of Native American and European Ancestry. In Guatemala, Mayans are majority, while in El Salvador, people of Native American descent are the majority. In the Dominican Republic, the population are largely made up of genealogy masters thesis northridge with inter-mixed ancestries, in which there are even levels of European ancestry, with smaller numbers of whites and blacks as well.
In Puerto Rico, people with multi-racial ancestry are the majority. There are also populations of predominantly of African descent as well as populations of American Indian descent as well as those with intermixed ancestries. Cubans are mostly of white Latin American ancestry, however there are also populations of blacks and multi-racials as well. Persons of Mexican heritage represent the bulk of the US Latino population.
Most Mexican Americans already with a multi-generational presence in the USA predating the s are of predominantly European origin, while most recent Mexican Americans that have migrated or descend from migrants to the United States posts genealogy masters thesis northridge of predominantly Native American descent with varying levels of European admixture.
Official sources report that the racial makeup of Latino subgroups from the countries Brazil, [88] Uruguay, [88] Puerto Rico, [88] Cuba [88] and Chile, [88] have the highest proportion, for their respective countries, of Latinos in the US self-identifying as white — though in raw numbers the highest number of white Latinos in genealogy masters thesis northridge United States are Mexican Americans.
As a result of their racial diversity, Latinos form an ethnicity sharing a language Spanish and Portuguese and cultural heritage, rather than a race.
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